{"id":1331,"date":"2017-04-19T18:09:57","date_gmt":"2017-04-19T17:09:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistaeco.cepcordoba.es\/?p=1331"},"modified":"2017-04-19T18:10:31","modified_gmt":"2017-04-19T17:10:31","slug":"por-terrenos-labrantios-las-misiones-pedagogicas-de-la-segunda-republica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistaeco.cepcordoba.es\/index.php\/2017\/04\/19\/por-terrenos-labrantios-las-misiones-pedagogicas-de-la-segunda-republica\/","title":{"rendered":"POR TERRENOS LABRANT\u00cdOS: LAS MISIONES PEDAG\u00d3GICAS DE LA SEGUNDA REP\u00daBLICA."},"content":{"rendered":"

AUTOR: <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Javier<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> Gimeno Perell\u00f3.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Bibliotecario<\/span><\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span><\/span> Universidad<\/span><\/span><\/span> Complutense<\/span><\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span><\/span>Madrid.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Resumen<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se<\/span><\/span> describen<\/span><\/span> los<\/span><\/span> antecedentes,<\/span><\/span> creaci\u00f3n,<\/span><\/span> desarrollo<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> principales<\/span><\/span> funciones<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> las<\/span><\/span> Misiones<\/span><\/span> Pedag\u00f3gicas<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> II<\/span><\/span> Rep\u00fablica<\/span><\/span> durante<\/span><\/span> el<\/span><\/span> per\u00edodo<\/span><\/span> comprendido<\/span><\/span> entre <\/span><\/span>su<\/span><\/span> fundaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> 1931<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> el Golpe<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>Estado<\/span><\/span> en <\/span><\/span>julio<\/span><\/span> de <\/span><\/span>1936,<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> signific\u00f3,<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> pr\u00e1ctica,<\/span><\/span> el<\/span><\/span> fin<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> las<\/span><\/span> misiones<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> muchos<\/span><\/span> otros<\/span><\/span> proyectos<\/span><\/span> educativos,<\/span><\/span> culturales<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> sociales<\/span><\/span> emprendidos<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> aquellos<\/span><\/span> a\u00f1os.<\/span><\/span> Inspiradas<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> obra<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> Instituci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> Libre<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Ense\u00f1anza<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> el<\/span><\/span> pensamiento<\/span><\/span> regeneracionista<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> krausista<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> finales<\/span><\/span> del<\/span><\/span> siglo<\/span><\/span> XIX<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> intelectuales<\/span><\/span> como<\/span><\/span> Francisco<\/span><\/span> Giner<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> los<\/span><\/span> R\u00edos<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> Manuel<\/span><\/span> Bartolom\u00e9<\/span><\/span> Coss\u00edo,<\/span><\/span> ser\u00e1<\/span><\/span> \u00e9ste<\/span><\/span> quien<\/span><\/span> fundar\u00e1<\/span><\/span> las<\/span><\/span> Misiones<\/span><\/span> Pedag\u00f3gicas<\/span><\/span> el<\/span><\/span> 29<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> mayo<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> 1931.<\/span><\/span> Entre<\/span><\/span> sus<\/span><\/span> principales<\/span><\/span> funciones,<\/span><\/span> destacaba<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> acercar<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> educaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> cultura<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> las<\/span><\/span> zonas<\/span><\/span> rurales<\/span><\/span> \u201c<\/span><\/span>con<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>objeto<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>de<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>alegrar,<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>humanizar<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>y<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>civilizar<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>el<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>campo\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>(Coss\u00edo);<\/span><\/span> o<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> difusi\u00f3n,<\/span><\/span> especialmente<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> esas<\/span><\/span> tierras,<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> lo<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> el<\/span><\/span> propio<\/span><\/span> Coss\u00edo<\/span><\/span> llamaba<\/span><\/span> educar<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>deleitando<\/i><\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> mediante<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> representaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> obras<\/span><\/span> teatrales,<\/span><\/span> proyecci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> pel\u00edculas,<\/span><\/span> lecturas,<\/span><\/span> audiciones<\/span><\/span> musicales,<\/span><\/span> exposiciones<\/span><\/span> itinerantes,<\/span><\/span> etc.<\/span><\/span> Los<\/span><\/span> misioneros<\/span><\/span> fueron<\/span><\/span> pieza<\/span><\/span> fundamental;<\/span><\/span> sin<\/span><\/span> ellos<\/span><\/span> no<\/span><\/span> hubiera<\/span><\/span> sido<\/span><\/span> posible<\/span><\/span> esta<\/span><\/span> labor. <\/span><\/span>Juan<\/span><\/span> Ram\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> Jim\u00e9nez<\/span><\/span> les <\/span><\/span>denomin\u00f3<\/span><\/span> \u201c<\/span><\/span>marineros<\/i><\/span><\/span> del <\/i><\/span><\/span>entusiasmo\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/span> <\/i>Especial<\/span><\/span> trascendencia<\/span><\/span> tuvieron<\/span><\/span> las<\/span><\/span> bibliotecas<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> las<\/span><\/span> misiones<\/span><\/span> crearon<\/span><\/span> en<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> mayor\u00eda<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> pueblos<\/span><\/span> y<\/span><\/span> aldeas<\/span><\/span> donde<\/span><\/span> estuvieron.<\/span><\/span> Bibliotecas<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> hicieron<\/span><\/span> tambi\u00e9n<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> funci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> p\u00fablicas,<\/span><\/span> adem\u00e1s<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> escolares,<\/span><\/span> abiertas<\/span><\/span> a<\/span><\/span> todos<\/span><\/span> los<\/span><\/span> vecinos.<\/span><\/span> Las<\/span><\/span> que<\/span><\/span> no<\/span><\/span> fueron<\/span><\/span> liquidadas<\/span><\/span> por<\/span><\/span> los<\/span><\/span> rebeldes<\/span><\/span> han<\/span><\/span> permanecido<\/span><\/span> hasta<\/span><\/span> la<\/span><\/span> actualidad,<\/span><\/span> como<\/span><\/span> la <\/span><\/span>biblioteca<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Castropol <\/span><\/span>(Asturias).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This<\/span><\/span> paper<\/span><\/span> describes<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> history,<\/span><\/span> creation,<\/span><\/span> development<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> features<\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> Pedagogical<\/span><\/span> Missions<\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span> 2nd<\/span><\/span> Spanish<\/span><\/span> Republic<\/span><\/span> during<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> period<\/span><\/span> between<\/span><\/span> its<\/span><\/span> foundation<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span> 1931<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> Military<\/span><\/span> pronouncement<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span> July<\/span><\/span> 1936,<\/span><\/span> which<\/span><\/span> meant,<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span> practice,<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> end<\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> missions<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> many<\/span><\/span> other<\/span><\/span> educational,<\/span><\/span> cultural<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> social<\/span><\/span> projects<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span> those<\/span><\/span> years.<\/span><\/span> The<\/span><\/span> Pedagogical<\/span><\/span> Missions<\/span><\/span> were<\/span><\/span> inspired<\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> work<\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> Instituci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span> Libre<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> Ense\u00f1anza<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> regeneracionista<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> krausist<\/span><\/span> philosophy<\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> late<\/span><\/span> 19th-century<\/span><\/span> developped<\/span><\/span> by<\/span><\/span> intellectuals<\/span><\/span> as<\/span><\/span> Francisco<\/span><\/span> Giner<\/span><\/span> de<\/span><\/span> los<\/span><\/span> R\u00edos<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> Manuel<\/span><\/span> Bartolom\u00e9<\/span><\/span> Coss\u00edo,<\/span><\/span> who<\/span><\/span> founded<\/span><\/span> \u2013<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> last<\/span><\/span> one<\/span><\/span> –<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> Pedagogical<\/span><\/span> Missions<\/span><\/span> on<\/span><\/span> May<\/span><\/span> 29,<\/span><\/span> 1931.<\/span><\/span> Its<\/span><\/span> main<\/span><\/span> functions<\/span><\/span> included<\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span> approach<\/span><\/span> between<\/span><\/span> field<\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span> urban <\/span><\/span>centers<\/span><\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> cultural<\/span><\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span><\/span> educational matters<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span>their<\/span><\/span><\/span> difussion,<\/span><\/span><\/span> especially<\/span><\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> rural areas,<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00abin<\/span><\/span><\/span> order<\/span><\/span><\/span> to <\/span><\/span><\/span>brighten,<\/span><\/span><\/span> humanize<\/span><\/span><\/span> and <\/span><\/span><\/span>civilize<\/span><\/span><\/span> the <\/span><\/span><\/span>field\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span> (Cossio).<\/span><\/span><\/span> Another matter<\/span><\/span><\/span> was<\/span><\/span><\/span> what<\/span><\/span><\/span> Cossio<\/span><\/span><\/span> called<\/span><\/span><\/span> educate<\/span><\/span><\/span> to<\/span><\/span><\/span> delight,<\/span><\/span><\/span> through<\/span><\/span><\/span> theatral<\/span><\/span><\/span> representations,<\/span><\/span><\/span> film<\/span><\/span><\/span> projections,<\/span><\/span><\/span> readings,<\/span><\/span><\/span> musical<\/span><\/span><\/span> performances,<\/span><\/span><\/span> exhibitions,<\/span><\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span><\/span> so<\/span><\/span><\/span> on.<\/span><\/span><\/span> The<\/span><\/span><\/span> missionaries<\/span><\/span><\/span> were<\/span><\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span><\/span> most<\/span><\/span><\/span> important<\/span><\/span><\/span> piece;<\/span><\/span><\/span> without<\/span><\/span><\/span> them<\/span><\/span><\/span> it<\/span><\/span><\/span> would`nt<\/span><\/span><\/span> have<\/span><\/span><\/span> been<\/span><\/span><\/span> possible<\/span><\/span><\/span> this<\/span><\/span><\/span> work.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Juan<\/span><\/span><\/span> Ram\u00f3n<\/span><\/span><\/span> Jim\u00e9nez<\/span><\/span><\/span> named<\/span><\/span><\/span> them<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00absailors<\/span><\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span><\/span> excitement\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Special<\/span><\/span><\/span> importance<\/span><\/span><\/span> had<\/span><\/span><\/span> libraries<\/span><\/span><\/span> created<\/span><\/span><\/span> by<\/span><\/span><\/span> missions<\/span><\/span><\/span> in<\/span><\/span><\/span> most<\/span><\/span><\/span> villages<\/span><\/span><\/span> where<\/span><\/span><\/span> missionaries<\/span><\/span><\/span> used<\/span><\/span><\/span> to<\/span><\/span><\/span> go.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Those<\/span><\/span><\/span> libraries<\/span><\/span><\/span> assembled<\/span><\/span><\/span> both<\/span><\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span><\/span> role<\/span><\/span><\/span> to<\/span><\/span><\/span> instruct<\/span><\/span><\/span> and<\/span><\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span><\/span> function<\/span><\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span><\/span> public<\/span><\/span><\/span> library,<\/span><\/span><\/span> as<\/span><\/span><\/span> well<\/span><\/span><\/span> as<\/span><\/span><\/span> school,<\/span><\/span><\/span> open<\/span><\/span><\/span> to<\/span><\/span><\/span> all<\/span><\/span><\/span> residents.<\/span><\/span><\/span> Some<\/span><\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span><\/span> these<\/span><\/span><\/span> libraries<\/span><\/span><\/span> not<\/span><\/span><\/span> destroyed<\/span><\/span><\/span> by<\/span><\/span><\/span> rebels<\/span><\/span><\/span> have<\/span><\/span><\/span> remained<\/span><\/span><\/span> to <\/span><\/span><\/span>present day,<\/span><\/span><\/span> such<\/span><\/span><\/span> as<\/span><\/span><\/span> the<\/span><\/span><\/span> library<\/span><\/span><\/span> of<\/span><\/span><\/span> Castropol (Asturias).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AUTOR: Javier Gimeno Perell\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Resumen
\nSe describen los antecedentes, creaci\u00f3n, desarrollo y principales funciones de las Misiones Pedag\u00f3gicas de la II Rep\u00fablica durante el per\u00edodo comprendido entre su fundaci\u00f3n en 1931 y el Golpe de Estado en julio de 1936, que signific\u00f3, en la pr\u00e1ctica, el fin de las misiones y de muchos otros proyectos educativos, culturales y sociales emprendidos en aquellos a\u00f1os. Inspiradas en la obra de la Instituci\u00f3n Libre de Ense\u00f1anza y en el pensamiento regeneracionista y krausista de finales del siglo XIX de intelectuales como Francisco Giner de los R\u00edos y Manuel Bartolom\u00e9 Coss\u00edo, ser\u00e1 \u00e9ste quien fundar\u00e1 las Misiones Pedag\u00f3gicas el 29 de mayo de 1931. Entre sus principales funciones, destacaba la de acercar la educaci\u00f3n y la cultura a las zonas rurales \u201ccon objeto de alegrar, humanizar y civilizar el campo\u201d (Coss\u00edo); o la difusi\u00f3n, especialmente en esas tierras, de lo que el propio Coss\u00edo llamaba educar deleitando, mediante la representaci\u00f3n de obras teatrales, proyecci\u00f3n de pel\u00edculas, lecturas, audiciones musicales, exposiciones itinerantes, etc. Los misioneros fueron pieza fundamental; sin ellos no hubiera sido posible esta labor. Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez les denomin\u00f3 \u201cmarineros del entusiasmo\u201d. Especial trascendencia tuvieron las bibliotecas que las misiones crearon en la mayor\u00eda de pueblos y aldeas donde estuvieron. Bibliotecas que hicieron tambi\u00e9n la funci\u00f3n de p\u00fablicas, adem\u00e1s de escolares, abiertas a todos los vecinos. Las que no fueron liquidadas por los rebeldes han permanecido hasta la actualidad, como la biblioteca de Castropol (Asturias).<\/p>

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